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COST-BENEFITS OF POINT-OF-USE TREATMENT

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Found the calculated lifetime loss to the Flint, MI community from lead exposure is $435M, whereas it would have only cost $11M to fund a 5-year community intervention strategy supplying POU activated carbon filters with lead adsorption capabilities.  
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​Executive Summary  l  Full Report 
Handout - Lead     l   Handout - Microbes
Journal of Water and Health Publication
Environmental Research Publication
​1-Minute Video


Summaries and educational materials (toolkits, handouts, infographics, etc.) are publicly available resources, and the full scientific reports are free for Water Quality Association (WQA) members.

 ​If you are not a WQA member, please contact [email protected] to inquire about access to the full report(s) of interest. 

WQRF | Knowledge of Quality Water


  • Home
    • WQRF Board
  • Network
    • Water Experts
  • 2025 Student Poster Gallery
  • RESEARCH
    • Research & Summaries
    • Webinars
    • Request for Proposals
  • Data Tools
    • Contaminant Map
    • 1-Minute Video Summaries
    • Softening Benefits Calculator
    • Softened Water Toolkit
  • EDUCATION
    • PFAS Resources
    • Contaminants & Risks
    • Treatment Options
  • Next Wave Campaign
    • Campaign Leadership
    • Campaign Supporters
  • Donate
  • Events
    • Walk for Water
    • WQRF @ WQA Convention